BCI Scenarios



BCIs can be used in the following six scenarios (see the Figure bellow, adapted from [1]

  • BCIs can replace natural CNS output that has been lost as a result of injury or disease. Examples include communication (through a spelling system and voice synthesis) and motorized wheelchair control.
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  • BCIs can restore lost natural CNS output. Examples include functional electrical stimulation of muscles in a paralyzed person and stimulation of peripheral nerves to restore bladder function.
  • BCIs can enhance natural CNS output. Examples include monitoring brain activity during prolonged demanding tasks such as driving a car and detecting lapses of attention, which alerts the person and restores attention.
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  • BCIs can supplement natural CNS output. Examples include providing a third (robotic) arm to a person and providing a selection function for people using a joystick.
  • BCIs can improve natural CNS output. Examples include using a BCI in stroke rehabilitation that detects and enhances signals from a damaged cortical area and stimulate arm muscles or an orthosis to improve arm movements.
  • BCIs can be used as a research tool to investigate CNS functions in clinical and non-clinical research studies.
Reference:
[1] Wolpaw JR, Winter Wolpaw E. Brain-computer interfaces: something new under the sun. In: Wolpaw JR, Winter Wolpaw E. Brain-computer interfaces: principles and practice, pp. 3-12, Oxford University Press, New York, 2012.

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