Brain Computer Interface

BCIs can be used in the following six scenarios (see the Figure bellow, adapted from [1] BCIs can  replace  natural CNS output that has been lost as a result of injury or disease. Examples include communication (through a spelling system and voice synthesis) and motorized wheelchair control.   BCIs can  restore  lost natural CNS output. Examples include functional electrical stimulation of muscles in a paralyzed person and stimulation of peripheral nerves to restore bladder function. BCIs can  enhance  natural CNS output. Examples include monitoring brain activity during prolonged demanding tasks such as driving a car and detecting lapses of attention, which alerts the person and restores attention.   BCIs can  supplement  natural CNS output. Examples include providing a third (robotic) arm to a person and providing a selection function for people using a joystick. BCIs can...

    Brain lies in the cranium of skull. The human brain has wrinkled surface and appears as a large, soggy, pinkish grey walnut. Adult brain, on average, weights two per cent of their body weight, growing from the quarter of its size at the time of birth.  the reaches between 75 and 80 percent of adult size at the size of 6 years. Human brain composed of about 30 billion neurons. It weights about 15- 17% of cardiac output. It also receives about 20% of the oxygen consumed by the body. The left hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body and vice-versa. Regions of the brain:  Fore-brain: It  consist of three parts Olfactory lobe, Cerebrum, Hypothalamus The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. the cerebral cortex is roughly 80% of total brain mass. the Cerebrum is the most complex and specialized  part of the brain. It consists of two cerebral hemispheres. The  cerebr...

The human nervous system consist of three functional subsystems, the central nervous system, functional nervous, system, and autonomous nervous system. brain and  spinal cord make Central Nervous System(CNS). The Peripheral Nervous System includes all the nerve pathways of the body outside the brain and spinal cord. These pathways are divided into two parts. These are the sensory pathways and motor pathways . Sensory pathways transmit information to CNS(Central Nervous System) . the motor pathways transmit commands from the CNS.   The motor pathways are partitioned into  somatic nervous system which relay to commands to skeletal muscles and Automatic nervous that stimulates the glads and other muscles of the body. In addition there is a neuroendocrine  system which is a network of endocrine glands  whose hormone production controlled by  CNS.   Neuron is the structural and fictional part of the  nervous system . It is the largest ...